Beta Lactams

• Penicillins

  • Penicillin
    • streptococcal infection (NOT staph)
    • syphillis
  • amoxicilin (PO)/ampicillin (IV)
    • enterococcus
  • amox-clav (PO)/pip-tazo (IV)*
    • G+, staph, strep
    • G-, E coli, kleibsiella
    • noted for broad coverage
    • note: amox-clav does not cover pseudomonas
  • cloxacillin (infective endocarditis, MSSA)

  *clavilate, tazocin breakdoen beta-lactamase, the enzyme some bacteria have developed to be resistant to beta-lactam drugs

• Cephalosporins (number = generation)

1. cefaxzolin (Ancef; IV); cephalexin (Keflex; PO)
   • strep
   • staph
     • MRSA
     • MSSA
2. cefuroxine
3. ceftriazone
   • UTI, PNA
4. ceftazidine
   • pseudomonas coverage

• Carbapenems
  • Ertapenem
    • does NOT cover pseudomonas
  • Meropenem
    • DOES cover pseudomonas

<aside> 🦠 To memorize:

• enterococcus (amoxicillin)
• pseudomonas (pip-ta, cefazidine [often in setting of cystic fibrosis], meropenem)
• cellulitis (cefazolin/cefalexin)
• MRSA (vancomycin)
• ESBL (extended-spectrum beta lactamase): bacteria that have developed resistance to basic beta-lactams (penicillins + cephalosporins); can be E. Coli, Kleibsiella, etc.
• SPICE-HAM organisms are those which will *develop *****resistance to penicillins + cephalosporins, and should generally be treated like ESBL. Organisms include:

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